Mutation-acyclicity in rank four is decidable but not semialgebraic

Kymani T. K. Armstrong-Williams, Edward Hirst, Blake Jackson, Kyu-Hwan Lee

For every n≥4n\ge 4, no fixed finite Boolean combination of polynomial equations and strict polynomial inequalities with real coefficients in the arrow weights decides mutation-acyclicity of all integral n-vertex quivers, even restricted to connected quivers. The rank-four family with weights (−2,t+2,t,−t,2−t,0)(-2,t+2,t,-t,2-t,0) is mutation-acyclic exactly when t<0t<0 or t is even; attaching a path extends the obstruction to higher ranks.

What was already known

For three vertices, descent algorithms and a Markov-polynomial criterion already decide mutation-acyclicity. Earlier higher-rank work supplies necessary conditions and special classes. The new alternating family shows that no fixed finite polynomial-sign criterion can extend this rank-three approach to n≥4n\ge 4.

AI involvement AI-centered

The authors explicitly credit GPT-Astra with discovering the family Q(t)Q(t) and the main results after extensive prompting. The human team generalized the results, simplified the proofs and organized the exposition. This supports AI-centered work for the alternating family and its polynomial-sign obstruction.

Importance Notable

Gives a concrete barrier to a natural algebraic classification method beyond rank three. It rules out fixed polynomial-sign criteria, while leaving arithmetic tests, general mutation invariants and input-dependent algorithms available.

Technical verification Partial

The manuscript gives a proof through the alternating integer family and eventual constancy of polynomial signs. The pinned artifact reports successful exact-arithmetic checks of 300 claims and the finite census, but its clean Lean audit completed only 135 of 573 modules. The Lean obstruction covers rational coefficients in rank four; real coefficients, higher ranks and connected extensions use separate manuscript arguments. These records support Partial, not a completed check of the entire assessed claim.

Independent checking

The manuscript gives a proof through the alternating integer family and eventual constancy of polynomial signs. The pinned artifact reports successful exact-arithmetic checks of 300 claims and the finite census, but its clean Lean audit completed only 135 of 573 modules. The Lean obstruction covers rational coefficients in rank four; real coefficients, higher ranks and connected extensions use separate manuscript arguments. These records support Partial, not a completed check of the entire assessed claim.

Checker
Reported CPython audit of the author-supplied exact checking package
Scope
Exact delegated claims and finite census, with narrower formal targets and an incomplete clean Lean build.
Basis
Reported by the linked checker

Human understanding Explained

The authors explain the central mechanism: mutation-acyclicity alternates along the positive integers in an affine family, while each fixed polynomial restricted to that line has eventually constant sign. A path attachment carries the obstruction to connected higher-rank quivers. Their discussion distinguishes this obstruction from the separate rank-four decision algorithm and preserves the earlier human criteria.

Correction and publication history

2026-11-01 · publication

Newly reviewed model-origin alternating family and its scoped obstruction to polynomial-sign criteria.

Read this published revision