What was already known
HRT predicted independence for every nonzero L² function and finite distinct shift set. Earlier results covered discrete-subgroup shifts and other special configurations.
AI involvement
The authors credit GPT-5.6 Pro with the counterexample and retained strategy. Faulhuber, Petersen, van Velthoven and Voigtlaender directed the search, repaired the proof and supplied the Schwartz strengthening.
The final argument retains the model-origin counterexample and strategy, while humans performed essential repairs and Schwartz-class strengthening.
Importance
Refutes the general HRT conjecture with a Schwartz-class example.
Limitations
The human authors repaired substantial gaps in the model’s proof and strengthened its example from C³ to Schwartz class. The explicit twelve-shift step uses a reported Arb interval certificate.
Technical verification
The human authors report a complete independent check and rewrite of all AI-influenced material. The twelve-shift construction additionally rests on an Arb interval certificate; this is a source-reported check, not an AIProofWatch rerun.
Formal checking
All AI-influenced parts of the twelve-shift and qualitative Schwartz counterexample proofs. independent proof verification, repair, validation, and rewrite
- Checker
- Markus Faulhuber, Philipp Petersen, Jordy Timo van Velthoven, and Felix Voigtlaender (authors)
- Scope
- All AI-influenced parts of the twelve-shift and qualitative Schwartz counterexample proofs
- Basis
- Reported by the linked checker
Uniform numerical inequalities needed for the explicit twelve-shift coefficient sequence. certified interval and exact rational computation
- Checker
- Supplementary Python script with FLINT/Arb
- Scope
- Uniform numerical inequalities needed for the explicit twelve-shift coefficient sequence
- Basis
- Reported by the linked checker
Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.
Human understanding
The authors explain the central vector-Zak, fixed-point, and eigenfunction construction and rewrote model-origin arguments; the account identifies and repairs specific gaps.
Correction and publication history
Gives a Schwartz-class counterexample to the general HRT conjecture.
Read this published revision