Integer values of tan(arctan 1 + arctan 2 + ⋯ + arctan n) are rare

Ken Ono

AxiomProver proved in Lean that an integral x_n forces the squarefree kernel K_n to divide 1+m² with |m|≥√(K_n−1), that large exceptional x_n lie near a π/2 lattice point, and that the exceptional set has O(log N) members through N. Ono combines these with his asymptotic lower bound for K_n to show nonintegrality for almost all n.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Amdeberhan, Medina and Moll conjectured nonintegrality for every n≥5. Earlier congruence work excluded integers on a set of density 120/817.

AI involvement AI-led

Ono supplied the target statements and the unformalized asymptotic estimate; AxiomProver generated the central Lean proofs. Ono wrote the mathematical exposition.

The model carried out the central formal proofs, while a human gave detailed target statements and the paper's asymptotic component.

Importance Notable

The formalized barriers support a density-one result for the conjecture.

Limitations

The conjecture for every n≥5 remains open. Ono’s asymptotic kernel estimate and the final density-one deduction are outside the Lean proof scope.

Technical verification Formal (Lean 4.28.0 / Mathlib)

For the assessed AI-generated three theorems, the paper and repository report fully sorry-free Lean 4.28.0 proofs with no new axioms. The logarithmic growth of K_n and resulting full density-one deduction are in Ono's exposition and are outside this machine-check scope.

Formal checking

Sorry-free formal proofs, reported to add no axioms

Checker
Lean 4.28.0 on AxiomProver's solution.lean
Scope
The divisibility barrier, proximity lemma and O(log N) exceptional-set bound in Appendix A
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Full

Ono's Sections 2–3 explain the Gaussian-norm divisibility and angle-proximity counting mechanisms for these results, and distinguish the analytic lemma. The existence of a human mathematical explanation is documented.

Correction and publication history