Bosonic quantum communication beyond the thermal threshold

Francesco Anna Mele, Giuseppe Catalano, Marco Fanizza, Vittorio Giovannetti, Ludovico Lami

For a thermal attenuator with environment photon number ν=1, a rank-two input on six Fock levels has certified coherent information at least 4.7×10⁻⁴ qubits per channel use at transmissivity η=0.8, while all single-mode Gaussian inputs have at most zero. A larger witness is certified positive at η=0.7841.

Sources for this record

What was already known

The 1999 Holevo–Werner thermal-input lower bound was the benchmark. The Gaussian threshold at ν=1 is η=0.8; antidegradability only forces zero capacity at η≤0.75.

AI involvement AI-centered

Mele and coauthors credit ChatGPT 5.6 Sol with the non-Gaussian input families. They selected states, proved the Gaussian comparison and certified the finite witnesses.

The original paper expressly credits the model with the decisive non-Gaussian witness families while reserving the Gaussian theorem and certification to the authors.

Importance Notable

The certified witnesses improve the one-use lower bound and establish positive communication in a previously unresolved high-noise range.

Limitations

The full quantum capacity remains unknown. The η=0.7818 point is numerical and lacks the rigorous interval certificate used for the two stated witnesses.

Technical verification Formal (outward-rounded interval arithmetic and Gershgorin eigenvalue enclosures)

Appendices A and B report rigorous interval enclosures for the fixed eta=0.8 and eta=0.7841 witnesses. The certified fixed-parameter separation is complete within those inputs; the wider numerical scan is not included in this rating. The computation is source-reported.

Formal checking

Certified interval matrix entries, Gershgorin eigenvalue enclosures and outward-rounded entropy bounds

Checker
Mele, Catalano, Fanizza, Giovannetti and Lami's interval computation
Scope
Positive coherent information of explicit non-Gaussian witnesses at nu=1, eta=0.8 and eta=0.7841
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Full

The authors explain the witness construction, physical cutoff channel, coherent-information comparison and certification mechanism.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

The certified witnesses improve the one-use lower bound and establish positive communication in a previously unresolved high-noise range.

Read this published revision