The free energy of the spherical random perceptron

OpenAI

For every positive pattern density and inverse temperature, and every bounded continuous single-pattern potential, the spherical random-perceptron pressure converges in expectation and probability to the manuscript’s variational formula.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Györgyi and Reimann predicted the continuous replica-symmetry-breaking spherical formula in 2000. The prediction did not prove pressure convergence.

AI involvement AI-led

OpenAI credits an internal model with producing the mathematical results in this collection. Humans chose and organized problems; no named human explanation of this theorem is documented.

The collection's model-production account and OpenAI authorship support model-led mathematical work, without a per-result autonomy account.

Importance Notable

The result gives a rigorous finite-temperature formula for the spherical model across the stated class of potentials.

Limitations

The result concerns the spherical model; the Ising model and zero-temperature jamming are separate. Identification with the predicted Györgyi–Reimann functional rests on the repository description rather than a direct comparison with the manuscript text.

Technical verification Formal (Lean 4 / Mathlib)

The Lean scope identifies the complete bounded-continuous spherical pressure formula, including finiteness and convergence in expectation and probability. The comparator is a target statement; the linked development supplies its proof.

Formal checking

Lean proof of the spherical pressure theorem under the stated hypotheses

Checker
OpenAI Lean development and Lean type checker
Scope
Spherical-perceptron variational pressure formula for positive density and temperature and bounded continuous potential, with expectation and probability convergence
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Few

No named human account explaining the central variational mechanism was located; Few is the evidence default, not a finding that people cannot understand it.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

The result gives a rigorous finite-temperature formula for the spherical model across the stated class of potentials.

Read this published revision