OpenAI reports the all-density Ising perceptron free energy

For the Ising perceptron with independent Gaussian patterns, every bounded Borel real log-potential and each fixed positive temperature and pattern density have a limiting normalized free energy given by the manuscript’s explicit overlap-path variational formula, with convergence in expectation and probability.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Rigorous formulas for bounded log-potentials were previously confined to sufficiently small pattern density or other restricted regimes; hard-constraint capacity results concern a different zero-one potential model.

AI involvement AI-led

OpenAI credits itself as manuscript author and states that its internal frontier model produced the results in this release. Individual human input is not detailed enough to establish task-only autonomy.

OpenAI is named as author on the manuscript, and its release attributes the results to an internal frontier model. The individual human input is not detailed enough to establish autonomy.

Importance Notable

Removes the small-density restriction for the Gaussian Ising perceptron at positive temperature.

Limitations

The potential is finite and bounded; hard constraints with log-potential −∞ are outside this claim. Lean checks only finiteness of the variational value for bounded continuous potentials, not the free-energy convergence or the bounded-Borel extension.

Technical verification Partial

OpenAI reports a Lean check of a narrower theorem, case, or component; the selected claim extends beyond that scope.

Formal checking

The pinned OpenAI Lean scope note verifies only this narrower statement, not the full selected claim.

Checker
OpenAI-reported Lean 4 / Comparator
Scope
For nonnegative pattern density and bounded continuous log-potential, the selected overlap-path variational infimum is a finite real number.
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Few

Few is the default when evidence for a higher level is insufficient. No named person is documented as explaining the central argument for this assessed contribution.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Primary manuscript, attribution, prior-work, and precise Lean-scope or conditional-input review for non-notifying local inclusion.

Read this published revision