Irrationality among classical odd Riemann zeta values

Is at least one of ζ(7),ζ(9),…,ζ(21) irrational, where ζ is the classical Riemann zeta function? This finite-window target does not identify one particular irrational value.

Why it matters and what counts as progress

Why it matters: It narrows the interval of odd zeta values guaranteed to contain an irrational number, without identifying a particular value.

What counts as progress: Prove that a shorter set of odd zeta values contains an irrational number, or establish irrationality of one specified value.

How the problem developed

  1. 2001 · Partial result [1]

    Wadim Zudilin Proved that at least one of ζ(5), ζ(7), ζ(9), and ζ(11) is irrational.

  2. 30 Sept 2026 · Formal result [2]

    Gaurav Devi and Claude agents Reported a Lean-checked alternative: at least one of ζ(7), ζ(9), ζ(11), ζ(13), ζ(15), ζ(17), ζ(19), and ζ(21) is irrational.

AI contribution

Sources

  1. Wadim Zudilin, One of the numbers ζ(5), ζ(7), ζ(9), ζ(11) is irrational
  2. Odd-zeta proof, baseline and AI provenance
  3. Completed Lean solution
  4. Lean checking and audit report
  5. Discussion of competing single-value preprint
Website timeline

Publication dates and editorial changes.