Nine-loop six-particle MHV amplitudes in planar N=4 super Yang–Mills

How can the six-particle maximally helicity-violating amplitude in planar N=4 super Yang–Mills be calculated at nine loops using the established bootstrap framework?

Why it matters and what counts as progress

Why it matters: Extending an eight-loop calculation adds perturbative data at the frontier of this amplitude program.

What counts as progress: A nine-loop symbol or function satisfying the stated bootstrap constraints and independent coefficient comparisons, distinguishing modular data, certified rational reconstruction and unreconstructed coordinates.

How the problem developed

  1. 2019 · Loop result [1]

    Simon Caron-Huot, Lance J. Dixon, Falko Dulat, Matt von Hippel, Andrew J. McLeod and Georgios Papathanasiou Bootstrapped the six-particle amplitude through six and seven loops, extending the known perturbative calculation.

  2. 15 Sept 2023 · Loop result [2]

    Lance J. Dixon and Yu-Ting Liu Computed the six-particle MHV amplitude at eight loops using antipodal duality.

  3. 25 Sept 2026 · Loop result [3]

    Claude; physicist Lance Dixon independently checked the reported nine-loop result Reported a direct computation of the nine-loop amplitude; the published account describes Dixon’s independent check of the result.

AI contribution

Claude computes a nine-loop six-particle amplitude

Claude computed the nine-loop six-particle MHV amplitude in planar N=4 super Yang–Mills using established bootstrap methods. The released symbol uses quintuple coproducts modulo two 31-bit primes; most, but not all, nonzero coordinates are reconstructed as certified rationals. A separate direct bootstrap agrees on compared coefficients, and a nine-loop function is reported.

AI involvementAI-autonomous
ImportanceNotable
Technical verificationPartial
Human understandingFull
Reported

Sources

  1. Caron-Huot et al., Six-Gluon Amplitudes in Planar N=4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory at Six and Seven Loops
  2. Dixon and Liu, An eight loop amplitude via antipodal duality
  3. Research account and Dixon validation
  4. Nine-loop data and validation
  5. Deposited nine-loop data
  6. Earlier eight-loop calculation
Website timeline

Publication dates and editorial changes.