Exponentially Fewer-Server PIR from Sparser S-Decoding Polynomials

Aparna Gupte, Seyoon Ragavan

Conditional on Conjecture 1.1 about large prime divisors, the authors construct an S*_m-decoding polynomial with the optimal k+1 nonzero terms for every fixed k, for suitable k-prime m and finite field. The construction gives the stated fixed-server PIR tradeoff; finite prime checks make it unconditional through 15 servers.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Ghasemi and Kopparty proved the k+1 sparsity lower bound but known constructions used roughly 3^(k/2) terms, leaving an exponential gap.

AI involvement AI-centered

After the authors set the question and empirical prompts, GPT-5.5 Pro found the general sparse-polynomial framework and the proof through Lemmas 4.2 and 4.5. The authors wrote and checked the paper.

GPT-5.5 Pro found the retained construction and proof framework under human prompting; autonomy is not documented.

Importance Notable

Matches the sparsity lower bound under the stated number-theoretic condition and improves fixed-server PIR parameters.

Limitations

Conjecture 1.1 is not proved. The unconditional finite cases do not establish all fixed k, and the superconstant-server extension requires a stronger conjecture. The authors report manually checking the proofs.

Technical verification Formal (human)

The authors report manually verifying all paper proofs, including the conditional Theorem 1.2. This is a source-reported complete human proof check, not an AIProofWatch reproduction or proof of Conjecture 1.1.

Formal checking

Manual verification of all proofs

Checker
The paper's human authors
Scope
The conditional k+1-sparse decoding-polynomial construction and Lemmas 4.2 and 4.5 proving Theorem 1.2
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Full

The authors' technical overview and proof explain the root-of-unity-grid construction, its number-theoretic assumption and the PIR consequence.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Matches the sparsity lower bound under the stated number-theoretic condition and improves fixed-server PIR parameters.

Read this published revision