Short proofs in combinatorics, probability and number theory II

Boris Alexeev, Moe Putterman, Mehtaab Sawhney, Mark Sellke, Gregory Valiant

There is no universal Erdős–Turán angular-discrepancy bound of order √(ν(f) log M(f)) with polynomial degree replaced by the number ν(f) of nonzero terms. For each N, a polynomial with ν=N+2 and M<3 has a positive real zero of multiplicity N+1, giving discrepancy at least N+1/2 on the stated short arc.

Sources for this record

What was already known

The classical bound uses polynomial degree. Hayman’s sparse bound is linear in the number of nonzero terms; the question was whether a square-root bound in that number could hold.

AI involvement AI-led

An internal OpenAI model supplied the sparse polynomial construction and proof. Alexeev, Putterman, Sawhney, Sellke and Valiant say they verified and explained it.

The paper attributes this proof to the internal model; it does not document enough prompt detail for autonomy.

Importance Notable

The construction settles a specific sparse-discrepancy question and shows why the proposed sharpening fails.

Limitations

The result rules out the proposed square-root bound; it does not disprove Hayman’s linear sparse bound. No separate machine certificate is documented.

Technical verification Formal (human)

The authors explicitly report verifying each model solution, including this counterexample. The illustrative N=2 numerical values do not constitute a separate machine certificate.

Independent checking

human verification of the model proof; §1 AI comment; §5 Theorem 5.1, Lemma 5.4 and Proposition 5.6

Checker
Alexeev, Putterman, Sawhney, Sellke and Valiant
Scope
Problem 990 failure of the sqrt(nu log M) bound
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Human understanding Full

The authors explain how interpolation creates multiplicity N+1 while keeping the coefficient parameter bounded.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

The construction settles a specific sparse-discrepancy question and shows why the proposed sharpening fails.

Read this published revision