Kalton-Peck space is not isomorphic to its hyperplanes

A. Das, V. Ferenczi, Ch. Rosendal

Das, Ferenczi and Rosendal prove that no hyperplane of the real Kalton–Peck space Z₂ admits a complex structure; hence Z₂ is not isomorphic to its hyperplanes. A symplectic operator rank-parity theorem supplies the obstruction.

Sources for this record

What was already known

The hyperplane-isomorphism question for Z₂ had remained open since the space’s introduction. Earlier symplectic and Fredholm results are used in the proof.

AI involvement AI-led

The authors credit ChatGPT GPT-5.5 Pro-Extended with the principal result and an initial proof. A. Das, V. Ferenczi and Ch. Rosendal checked and rewrote the proof.

The first-person declaration assigns the principal theorem and initial proof to ChatGPT, followed by substantial human checking and rewriting.

Importance Notable

The result settles a long-standing question about this Banach-space example.

Limitations

The authors report a complete human check and Lean formalization. The precise prompts in the original model interaction are unavailable.

Technical verification Formal (Lean 4 + human)

The authors report independently checking all statements and proofs, and a complete Lean 4 formalization of the parity and hyperplane results.

Independent checking

Complete Lean/mathlib formalization with top-level theorem statements in KaltonPeck.lean

Checker
Lean 4 kernel, reported by the authors' KaltonPeck project
Scope
rankParityGeneral, rankParityZ2 and noHyperplaneComplexStructure for the real Kalton–Peck space
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Independent checking

Detailed independent examination and rewriting of the model's initial proof

Checker
A. Das, V. Ferenczi and Ch. Rosendal
Scope
All statements and proofs in the submitted hyperplane manuscript
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Human understanding Full

The human authors explain the symplectic rank-parity obstruction and its application to hyperplanes of Z_2 after rewriting the argument.

Correction and publication history