Semi-Autonomous Mathematics Discovery with Gemini: A Case Study on the Erdős Problems

Tony Feng, Trieu Trinh, Garrett Bingham, Jiwon Kang, Shengtong Zhang, Sang-hyun Kim, Kevin Barreto, Carl Schildkraut, Junehyuk Jung, Jaehyeon Seo, Carlo Pagano, Yuri Chervonyi, Dawsen Hwang, Kaiying Hou, Sergei Gukov, Cheng-Chiang Tsai, Hyunwoo Choi, Youngbeom Jin, Wei-Yuan Li, Hao-An Wu, Ruey-An Shiu, Yu-Sheng Shih, Quoc V. Le, Thang Luong

Aletheia constructed planar n-point sets with no four cocircular in which every point determines fewer than 3n/4 distinct distances. These refute the near-n-distances question under that hypothesis.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Erdős asked whether every such set has a point determining (1−o(1))n distinct distances. A formulation that also forbids three collinear points is stronger.

AI involvement AI-autonomous

Feng and coauthors report that Aletheia found the coordinate-axis construction autonomously. Human editors retained its core logic, corrected the presentation and rejected the separate variant.

The project classifies this as an autonomously found partial solution; human editors preserved the mathematical core of the coordinate-axis construction.

Importance Modest

Answers the no-four-cocircular version negatively with an explicit family.

Limitations

The construction allows collinear points and does not settle the no-three-collinear variant. The authors rejected the model’s proposed answer to that variant; the individual expert reviewers are not named.

Technical verification Formal (human)

The project reports careful domain-expert vetting and prints a complete elementary count yielding the strict 3n/4 bound. The reported human review applies only to the retained no-four-cocircular counterexample.

Formal checking

The project reports careful domain-expert vetting and prints a complete elementary count yielding the strict 3n/4 bound. The reported human review applies only to the retained no-four-cocircular counterexample.

Checker
Feng et al.'s internal domain experts and paper authors
Scope
Coordinate-axis point sets with no four cocircular have at most about 3n/4 distances from each point
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Full

The human-edited §3.1 proof explains the coordinate-axis arrangement and distance bound and explicitly separates the failed no-three-collinear attempt.

Correction and publication history