Claude-assisted proof gives quantitative stability for optimal qubit cloning

For any finite-Kraus 1→2 qubit channel whose mean fidelity over the six Pauli eigenstates is at least 5/6−ε, the Kraus operators have total squared Frobenius distance at most 6ε from the span of the two Bužek–Hillery Kraus operators. For every input matrix ρ, the channel output is within 200√ε‖ρ‖F of the Bužek–Hillery channel in Frobenius norm.

Sources for this record

What was already known

The 5/6 optimum and Bužek–Hillery channel are classical. The repository distinguishes its new stability estimates from the published optimality and asymmetric trade-off results; it gives no prior quantitative estimate of this form.

AI involvement AI-led

JD Jones directed the project. The disclosure says Claude produced the certificates, statements and Lean proofs; a later GPT consultation supplied extension statements and modules, checked before adoption.

JD Jones directed the project; Claude produced the selected stability statements, certificates and Lean proofs, and GPT supplied later extension statements and modules that were checked before adoption.

Importance Modest

Quantifies how a nearly optimal six-state cloning channel must resemble the unique optimum, in both Kraus space and channel output.

Limitations

The claim uses six-state average fidelity and finite Kraus families. It does not assert a diamond-norm bound or equivalence with the Bloch-sphere average in Lean. The source reports a completed local Lean check, not independent human specialist review or external kernel replay.

Technical verification Formal (Lean)

The source reports completed lean proof checking of the kraus-space stability and channel-output stability theorems, with challenge/solution type matching and source-reported replays. This applies to the selected claim and is not an independent reproduction by AIProofWatch.

Formal checking

The source reports 44 completed Challenge statements, source and axiom audits, exact arithmetic replays and a Lean build; theorem 37 is Kraus-space stability and theorem 44 is channel stability.

Checker
Lean 4 kernel and documented local statement, axiom or certificate audits run by repository authors
Scope
For any finite-Kraus 1→2 qubit channel whose mean fidelity over the six Pauli eigenstates is at least 5/6−ε, the Kraus operators have total squared Frobenius distance at most 6ε from the span of the two Bužek–Hillery Kraus operators. For every input matrix ρ, the channel output is within 200√ε‖ρ‖F of the Bužek–Hillery channel in Frobenius norm.
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Few

No independent human specialist review or human explanation of the stability mechanism is documented. Few is the evidence default.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Claim-level primary-source review of exact theorem, prior baseline, AI contribution and documented checking scope.

Read this published revision