On supporting affine functionals for Entanglement of Formation

A. S. Holevo, M. E. Shirokov

For the two-qubit state ρ=(|Φ+⟩⟨Φ+|+|01⟩⟨01|)/2, where |Φ+⟩=(|00⟩+|11⟩)/√2, Holevo and Shirokov show that entanglement of formation has no global supporting affine functional. Along a perturbation toward |10⟩, it decreases on a square-root scale.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Global support was standard for full-rank finite-dimensional states, but was not established for degenerate boundary states.

AI involvement AI-centered

Holevo and Shirokov credit Claude Fable 5 with finding the decisive state. They supplied the criterion, calculation and higher-dimensional extension. Song and Zong’s later classification is separate human work.

The model supplied the decisive explicit state, while the authors supplied the criterion, proof, and broader results.

Importance Notable

Provides an explicit counterexample to an assumption used for boundary-state entanglement of formation.

Limitations

The authors developed the support criterion and proof; Claude found the state. Song and Zong later independently derived its concurrence within a broader classification, without auditing the original proof.

Technical verification Partial

The original paper supplies an analytic proof, and Song–Zong later independently derive the same state’s concurrence formula and square-root behavior within a larger family. This corroborates the specific state and formula, but no explicit completed check of the original argument is documented. The later replacement proof is not counted as a human check of that argument.

Human understanding Full

Holevo and Shirokov explain the Lipschitz criterion and Wootters-based square-root cusp; Song and Zong further explain the tangent-support geometry. The latter explanation is separately credited and does not transfer authorship of the original state.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Provides an explicit counterexample to an assumption used for boundary-state entanglement of formation.

Read this published revision