A radial continuum phase transition with algebraic decay

OpenAI

One bounded continuous stable radial pair potential in three dimensions has |φ(r)|≤C r^(−3−1/32) for r≥1 and finite canonical free energy. At one common βc in [7/8,9/8], the free energy has a strict inverse-temperature derivative jump for every density in an open interval around 5p/3.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Simon asked for a continuum temperature singularity with suitable stable pair interactions. Earlier constructions used multiple species, many-body terms, modified Kac terms or a single coexistence density.

AI involvement AI-led

Both September 2026 manuscripts credit OpenAI, and the release says its internal model produced the collection. The bounded potential, multiscale attraction construction and common-temperature density interval are model-output claims. Result-specific human input is undisclosed.

OpenAI is author of the model-produced bounded-core construction and its distinct companion; no specific human-origin account displaces that attribution.

Importance Major

Gives a bounded-core existence construction with one critical temperature over an open density interval.

Limitations

A separate divergent-core manuscript has a different potential. These results do not concern Lennard-Jones or identify conventional fluid phases.

Technical verification Formal (Lean)

The release formalization catalogue lists both manuscripts; the family 228 note maps the bounded continuous potential and open density interval to a Lean solution theorem. This is source-reported machine formalization of the assessed bounded-core statement, not a locally reproduced build or a check of physical phase interpretation.

Formal checking

Lean theorem RadialTransition.densityInterval and related family 228 formalization, mapped by the scope note

Checker
Lean proof checker, as reported by OpenAI's formalization catalogue
Scope
Stable bounded continuous radial potential with algebraic tail and a common inverse-temperature derivative jump on an open density interval
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Few

Few is the default when evidence for a higher level is insufficient. The model-authored articles describe the multiscale pressure-support mechanism, but no named human explains it or reports understanding; this is a missing-evidence default.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Gives a bounded-core existence construction with one critical temperature over an open density interval.

Read this published revision