OpenAI reports pro-modularity at the prime two

Every continuous odd absolutely irreducible two-dimensional 2-adic representation of the absolute Galois group of Q that ramifies at only finitely many finite primes occurs in the full completed varying-weight Hecke algebra at some odd tame level, possibly with auxiliary primes.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Completed-Hecke occurrence is distinct from classical modularity. Earlier pro-modularity theorems cited in the manuscript imposed p > 2, residual irreducibility, or local residual restrictions; residual reducibility and scalar blocks at p = 2 were not covered together (manuscript introduction, pp. 1–2).

AI involvement AI-led

OpenAI credits itself as manuscript author and states that its internal frontier model produced the results in this release. Individual human input is not detailed enough to establish task-only autonomy.

OpenAI is named as author on the manuscript, and its release attributes the results to an internal frontier model. The individual human input is not detailed enough to establish autonomy.

Importance Notable

Extends completed-Hecke occurrence to all odd absolutely irreducible dyadic representations with finite ramification, including scalar residual cases.

Limitations

The theorem allows auxiliary tame primes and asserts occurrence in a completed Hecke algebra. It does not make a de Rham assumption or conclude classical modularity.

Technical verification Reported

Reported is the default when evidence for a higher level is insufficient. The OpenAI-authored manuscript reports and argues the result, but the reviewed sources do not document a completed check of the full assessed claim.

Human understanding Few

Few is the default when evidence for a higher level is insufficient. No named person is documented as explaining the central argument for this assessed contribution.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Primary manuscript, attribution, and prior-work review for non-notifying local inclusion.

Read this published revision