OpenAI reports the entropy photon-number inequality

For two independent finite-mean-energy bosonic inputs with any finite positive number of modes, beam-splitter output satisfies N(ρC)≥ηN(ρA)+(1−η)N(ρB) for 0≤η≤1, where N(ρ)=g⁻¹(S(ρ)/n) is entropy photon number per mode.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Guha, Erkmen and Shapiro conjectured this photon-number inequality. Earlier work established special input cases and a different, weaker quantum entropy-power inequality.

AI involvement AI-led

OpenAI credits itself as manuscript author and states that its internal frontier model produced the results in this release. Individual human input is not detailed enough to establish task-only autonomy.

OpenAI is named as author on the manuscript, and its release attributes the results to an internal frontier model. The individual human input is not detailed enough to establish autonomy.

Importance Major

Proves the conjectured entropy photon-number inequality in its finite-energy multimode setting.

Limitations

Inputs must be independent but may be internally entangled across modes. The paper’s thermal-channel and broadcast-capacity consequences are outside the selected Lean statement.

Technical verification Formal (Lean 4)

OpenAI reports a Lean proof matching the selected claim.

Formal checking

The pinned Lean note proves the full two-input finite-energy beam-splitter inequality for any finite number of modes.

Checker
OpenAI-reported Lean 4 / Comparator
Scope
For two independent finite-mean-energy bosonic inputs with any finite positive number of modes, beam-splitter output satisfies N(ρC)≥ηN(ρA)+(1−η)N(ρB) for 0≤η≤1, where N(ρ)=g⁻¹(S(ρ)/n) is entropy photon number per mode.
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Few

Few is the default when evidence for a higher level is insufficient. No named person is documented as explaining the central argument for this assessed contribution.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Primary manuscript, attribution, prior-work, and scoped checking review for non-notifying local inclusion.

Read this published revision