OpenAI reports the Global Spherical Shell conjecture

Every connected minimal compact complex surface of class VII with positive second Betti number contains a global spherical shell.

Sources for this record

What was already known

The b2 = 0 minimal class VII case had been classified. For b2 > 0, global shells were known under special divisor and curve criteria and in the b2 = 1 case; the general positive-b2 conjecture remained (manuscript introduction, pp. 1–3).

AI involvement AI-led

OpenAI credits itself as manuscript author and states that its internal frontier model produced the results in this release. Individual human input is not detailed enough to establish task-only autonomy.

OpenAI is named as author on the manuscript, and its release attributes the results to an internal frontier model. The individual human input is not detailed enough to establish autonomy.

Importance Major

Resolves the Global Spherical Shell conjecture for the remaining minimal class VII surfaces.

Limitations

The theorem assumes minimality and positive second Betti number. Its deformation and topology corollaries are separate consequences.

Technical verification Reported

Reported is the default when evidence for a higher level is insufficient. The OpenAI-authored manuscript reports and argues the result, but the reviewed sources do not document a completed check of the full assessed claim.

Human understanding Few

Few is the default when evidence for a higher level is insufficient. No named person is documented as explaining the central argument for this assessed contribution.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Primary manuscript, attribution, and prior-work review for non-notifying local inclusion.

Read this published revision