OpenAI reports the exact cycle–clique Ramsey numbers

For all integers m≥n≥3 except (m,n)=(3,3), R(C_m,K_n)=(m−1)(n−1)+1; the exceptional value is R(C₃,K₃)=6.

Sources for this record

What was already known

Erdős, Faudree, Rousseau, and Schelp conjectured the formula. Prior work covered n≤7 and ranges such as m≥n²−2 or sufficiently large m relative to n, leaving the full parameter range open.

AI involvement AI-led

OpenAI credits itself as manuscript author and states that its internal frontier model produced the results in this release. Individual human input is not detailed enough to establish task-only autonomy.

OpenAI is named as author on the manuscript, and its release attributes the results to an internal frontier model. The individual human input is not detailed enough to establish autonomy.

Importance Major

Resolves the cycle–clique Ramsey conjecture for every parameter pair.

Limitations

The claim concerns an exact cycle C_m, not an arbitrary cycle of length at least m; the manuscript reports additional exact finite case checking for its proof.

Technical verification Formal (Lean 4)

OpenAI reports a Lean proof matching the selected claim.

Formal checking

The pinned OpenAI Lean scope note identifies this selected claim.

Checker
OpenAI-reported Lean 4 / Comparator
Scope
For all integers m≥n≥3 except (m,n)=(3,3), R(C_m,K_n)=(m−1)(n−1)+1; the exceptional value is R(C₃,K₃)=6.
Basis
Reported by the linked checker
Evidence source

Checking a formal statement does not establish that it matches the original problem.

Human understanding Few

Few is the default when evidence for a higher level is insufficient. No named person is documented as explaining the central argument for this assessed contribution.

Correction and publication history

2026-10-18 · publication

Primary manuscript, attribution, prior-work, and scoped checking review for non-notifying local inclusion.

Read this published revision